ASTM D4814-23

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4814 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* partial waivers including some restrictions on vehicle and
equipment use (see X3.3.2). With regard to fuel properties,
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of require-
including volatility, this specification can be more or less
ments of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped
restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer
with spark-ignition engines.
to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of
volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, sulfur content, ben-
automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating
zene content, deposit control additive certification, and use of
conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water
oxygenates in the fuel. Contact the EPA for the latest versions
tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal
of the rules and additional requirements.
climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the
1.4 This specification does not address the emission char-
period May 1 through September 15, the maximum vapor
acteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Refor-
pressure limits issued by the United States (U.S.) Environmen-
mulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to
tal Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographi-
lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its character-
cal area except Alaska, Hawaii, and the U.S. Territories.
istics are described in Monograph 12 (MONO12) on reformu-
Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic
2
lated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the
changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This
legal requirements found in MONO12, reformulated spark-
specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that
ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements
are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily ex-
found in this specification.
cludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain
operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance 1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive
of each of the properties of this specification is shown in fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under
Appendix X1. continuous review, which can result in revisions based on
changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specifi-
combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore,
cation are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as
should refer to the latest edition.
alcohols and ethers and where gasoline is the primary compo-
nent by volume in the blend. The concentrations and types of
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification
D4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters.
oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification.
The composition of fuel is limited by economic, legal, and
1.6 The type of fuel under consideration must first be
technical consideration, but its properties, including volatility,
identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method
are defined by this specification. In many countries, regulatory
D4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate con-
authorities having jurisdiction have set laws and regulations
centration in mass percent. Test Method D4815 also includes
that limit the concentration of oxygenates and certain other
procedures for calculating mass oxygen content and oxygenate
compounds found in spark-ignition engine fuel. In the United
concentration in volume percent. Appendix X4 provides a
States, oxygenate types and concentrations are limited to those
procedure for calculating the mass oxygen content of a fuel
approved under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s
using measured oxygenate type, oxygenate concentration in
(EPA) substantially similar rule (see X3.3.1), waivers, and
volume percent, and measured density or relative density of the
fuel.
1.7 The following applies to all specified limits in this
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This specification is under the jurisdict
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